Metaphor

·         A metaphor is a kind of figure of speech based on resemblance.

      It is an Implied simile.

·          A metaphor doesn’t employ words such as ‘like’ and ‘as’. It presents the two            

        objects of comparison as if they were one entity.

Example :

·         He was a shrew where business was concerned.

 Similes

·         The word ‘simile’ is derived from the Latin word ‘similis’ which mean ‘like’. Therefore, simile means likeness.

·         A simile is a definite or direct expression of a likeness between two different objects or events.

Example :

·         He cried  like a baby.

·         Similes may use an adjective or a verb in order to draw comparison between two things.

Examples :

·         He cried like a baby.

·         She was as white as snow.

Remember

   Similes use words such as ‘like’ and ‘as’ in order to make comparisons.

THE ELEMENTS OF PROSE FICTION

1. Theme
Theme is the general idea of a story.
2. Setting
Setting is the information of the where the story occur and the time of the story. Setting also include a context (especially society) beyond the surround of the story, like culture, historical period, geography, and occupation.
3. Plot
Plot is the sequence of events.
4. Point of View
Point of view is the different angle to see the subject.
5. Character and Characterization
Character is an individual (usually a person) who play in a story. Characterization is the method used by the writer to develop a character.
6. Symbols
Symbols is the language style used by the author.
7. Atmosphere
Atmosphere is condition and emotion in a story.

THE FORM’S ELEMENT OF POETRY

Like the other of literature genre, poetry also has a specific character. Poetry is not free style of writing. In making a poetry, we must pay attention to some rules to create it. The rules are called the form’s element of poetry.
1. Line
It is a single line of word in a poetry. We can say that line is “the sentence of poetry”.
2. Rhythm
Rhythm is the pattern of repeated sound.
3. Foot
Feet is an intonation of reading the poetry based on the dictionary. In the other word, feet is a regulation how to read the poetry. When you speak, you don't say everything in a steady tone like a “hum”-you'd sound funny-. Instead, you stress parts of words. You say different parts of words with different volume, and your voice rises and falls as if you were singing a song. Mostly, we don't notice we're doing it. Poetry in English is often made up of poetic units or “feet”. It consists of stresses (accented) and/or unstressed (unaccented). There is a rule how to determine a feet in a poetry.
4. Rhyme Scheme
Rhyme in poetry refers to the identity of sound at the ends of lines. "Rhyme" usually means end rhymes (words at the end of a line). They give balance and please the ear. Sometimes rhymes are exact. Other times they are just similar. Both are okay.
Rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhyme. For example:
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
The rhyme scheme is aaba (because "know", "though", and "snow" rhyme, they are marked "a", while "here" is another rhyme, and is marked "b")
Notice: rhyme is based on the sound, not the letter.
5. Stanza
Stanza is the smallest unit in a poetry. A grouping of lines, equivalent to a paragraph in prose, is called a stanza. Type of stanza based on the number of line:
•    Couplet (stanza composed two lines)
•    Triplet/ tercet (stanza composed three lines)
•    Quatrain (stanza composed four lines)
•    Cinquain (stanza composed five lines)
•    Sestet (stanza composed six lines)
•    Septet (stanza composed seven lines)
•    Octave (stanza composed eight lines)
•    Sonnet (stanza composed fourteen lines)